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A Crash Course in Starting Your Own Small Business

You’re finally ready to take the plunge and start your company. But starting a business takes more than picking a name and putting up a Facebook page.

Before you sell (or code) your first widget, you need a proper business structure. At both the federal and state government level, there are steps you need to follow when starting a business — and your municipality may have rules as well, even for small home-based businesses.

“Beginning as an entrepreneur is such an exciting time,” says Jo Anna M. Fellon, a certified public accountant and principal at Friendman LLP in New Jersey. “It’s important to not get caught up in the moment [when] that first dollar that comes in the door.”

Even a one-person business needs the advice of a lawyer and an accountant to decide what business structure to use. Should you be a sole proprietor? Set up a partnership? Create a limited liability corporation?

The type of entity you choose is important because it will determine how you pay taxes and what legal steps you must follow to set up your company. There is no one-size-fits-all answer.

[Read: The Hidden Costs of Starting Your Own Business.]

“Get everyone on the line and start working through the pros and cons of the structuring,” Fellon says. “Don’t make the business entity structure choice based on what someone else you know has done.”

The right structure will depend on the type of business you’re creating, what state you live in (or where the business will be based), how many people are involved and the personal tax situation of the owners, which is why it’s helpful to have both a lawyer and an accountant advising you.

“It can be difficult for small businesses to incur these fees for professionals, but they tend to pay off,” says Bill Smith, managing director of CBIZ MHM’s national tax office in Bethesda, Maryland.

The structure may also depend on your goals for the business. Will it stay a one-person business that provides personal services? Or do you expect to hire employees and seek venture capital? Or will you and a partner operate a company with a physical location, such as an office, store or restaurant?

“Make sure you’re directing your organization, as small as it might be, the direction you’re intending,” Fellon says. “Get granular. Obtain a granular understanding of what your future business is going to look like.”

If you’re going into business with other people, you also need an agreement in writing about which work each partner will do, how the profits or losses will be split and what happens if one of you wants to leave — essentially a business prenup. You should also discuss how you will bring new partners aboard.

“You want to know what’s going to happen if everything falls apart once you bring another person in,” Smith says.

For your tax needs, the Internal Revenue Services has a useful portal for small business owners and the self-employed. You also need to learn your state’s tax rules. You may need a license (state or local), a fictitious name or corporate filing, plus you may deal with sales tax, workers’ compensation and payroll withholding.

[Read: 10 Dos and Don’ts When Launching a Business.]

Building a team of knowledgeable professionals before you start can pay off in many ways. “You just never know where business comes from and how they can assist your growth,” Fellon says.

Here are nine steps you need to take to properly start your small business.

Choose your business entity. This is something you should discuss with both your attorney and your accountant. “The entity of choice these days is the LLC. It gives you a layer of liability protection,” Smith says. But laws vary by state, and whether an LLC is the right choice for your small business depends on multiple factors.

Register with the state and the city, if necessary. Exactly what type of registration is required depends on your state and the type of entity. If you incorporate, your attorney may handle the basic filings for you. If you are a sole proprietor, you can probably handle the filings yourself. Some cities may also require registration.

Check for licensing and other state requirements. If you plan to work as a hairdresser, for example, you may need a license. If you’re going to sell products, you will need to collect and remit sales tax in most states. If you will have employees, you’ll need to withhold taxes and pay workers’ compensation. Your lawyer and accountant will know some of these rules, as will your professional organizations. Make sure you learn which ones that apply to you.

Know the difference between employees and contractors. The IRS has rules about when someone can be considered an independent contractor, to whom you will issue a 1099 form at the end of the year and when someone is an employee, subject to withholding and state employment law. State laws may also apply.

Investigate business insurance. While your corporate structure may provide some liability protection, you may also need business insurance. Find a good insurance broker who understands what makes sense for your situation. “Your homeowners policy is unlikely to cover your business risks,” Smith says, even if you do all your work at home.

Get an employer identification number. An EIN is the equivalent of a Social Security number for a business, and you can get it online from the IRS.

Open a business bank account. You don’t want to commingle your personal and business funds. You usually need the business formation papers and the EIN to open a business account. Making friends with a local bank official also can be helpful.

[Read: 5 Questions to Ask Yourself Before Starting Your Own Business.]

Set up a bookkeeping system. To keep an ongoing record of financial activity, most businesses use a program such as Quickbooks, which you can operate on your computer or in the cloud, but other programs may also work for your purposes. “Right now is the best time to start with a cloud-based bookkeeping program,” Smith says. “Everything is going to the cloud in the future. If you can afford a good bookkeeper, even better.” Keep good records from the beginning of everything you invest.

Join professional groups. These days, you can find professional groups both in person and online. Networking with other small business people can provide you with invaluable advice as well as business contacts and referrals.

More from U.S. News

6 Communities Small Business Owners Should Join

5 Tips for Starting a Small Business in College

The Hidden Costs of Starting Your Own Business

A Crash Course in Starting Your Own Small Business originally appeared on usnews.com

Don’t Settle for Student Loans to Pay for Online Education

Online college programs are becoming a more popular choice for prospective students, with one study finding that more than 6 million students enrolled in at least one online course in fall 2015. The popularity of these courses can be attributed in part to their flexibility with working adults' schedules, students' ability to progress more quickly through online programs and, oftentimes, cheaper tuition. [See 10 low-cost online bachelor's programs for out-of-state students.]Online degrees can be beneficial to many college students, but some studies have shown online learners complete their programs at lower rates than students at traditional brick-and-mortar campuses. Individuals with student loans but no degree comprise two-thirds of defaulted borrowers. Though these numbers are not encouraging, just like for traditional programs, there are ways to reduce how much you'll need to borrow for an online program to ensure you won't become one of these statistics. Don't just settle on borrowing student loans to cover the whole cost of your program and living expenses. Instead, start thinking about how to cut costs and cover your balance in different ways, such as the following. -- Grants and scholarships: Even though you are taking an online course, you can still apply and receive grants and scholarships. But your first step should be to complete the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, commonly referred to as the FAFSA, which will allow you to receive a Pell Grant if your expected family contribution is low enough. The EFC criteria and award amounts are adjusted annually, but the 2017-2018 academic year awards range from $606 to $5,920, which could significantly lower the amount you borrow annually. Your next step is to apply for scholarships. You can start by checking online scholarship search engines, such as the Salt Scholarship Search, College Board's BigFuture and Peterson's. But don't forget to take advantage of local organizations and your school's financial aid office. Both may offer scholarships that you can't find with a national scholarship search. [Review these 10 sites to kick off your scholarship search.]For instance, organizations like the Elks Club, Knights of Columbus or the Rotary Club typically offer scholarships annually to local students. Just because you're going to school online doesn't mean you're ineligible. Visit your local library for scholarship listings, and ask around town. You might be surprised how many local organizations offer scholarships. While these scholarships typically aren't large, every little bit counts. Each dollar you receive in a scholarship is a dollar you don't have to borrow and pay interest on. -- Work-study: Another option for online students may be work-study awards. Not all students enrolled in online programs are eligible, but students at some schools -- including, for example, SUNY Empire State College and Liberty University -- are. Work-study awards are not given upfront like scholarships and grants. In most cases, they are an offer to earn up to the awarded amount if you secure an eligible work-study job. While there is a misconception that all work-study jobs must be on campus, students can work for off-campus, nonprofit or public employers as long as the work is in the public's interest. You may be able to work for a for-profit employer if the job is relevant to your course of study. No matter who the outside employer is, it will need to have an established agreement with your college for you to receive work-study funds. Remember, to be eligible for federal financial aid, you must be enrolled and pursuing a degree or certificate. If you're not working toward a credential, Pell Grants and work-study won't be option, but you may still be able to take advantage of private scholarships -- just be sure to read the eligibility criteria carefully. [Explore what to know about financial aid in online programs.]-- Pay as you go: One of the great benefits to enrolling online is the flexible schedule, which can allow you to complete your college coursework around your responsibilities. But prospective students often overlook using their part- or full-time job earnings as an option for paying for college. Almost 80 percent of college students in 2015 worked at least part time while attending classes, according to the National Center for Education Statistics. By budgeting and thinking strategically about your college costs, you can likely reduce your dependence on student loans by paying a portion out of pocket. Many -- but not all -- online programs are less expensive than traditional programs and often have shorter payment periods. Six, eight or 10 weeks are common course durations. Because of the frequency of payments in an online setting, you may be well-placed to pay as you go and possibly avoid borrowing altogether. Attending college online and avoiding student loans may be challenging, but if you are willing to put in the effort, you can limit the amount you need to borrow. More from U.S. News Q&A: Understanding Student Loan Discharge Eligibility Student Loan Refinancing Isn't Right for All Borrowers
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