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Gray Divorce: What Women Who Divorce Later in Life Need to Know

Although divorce rates overall for Americans are falling, the number of people older than 50 who are splitting up is on the rise.

Divorces are traumatic at any age, but these “gray divorces” can take a significant financial toll, especially on women. Married women may have been out of the workforce, and even if they do work, women earn less than men. Additionally, women usually live longer than men, which means they need to have enough money to support themselves later in life.

Aviva Pinto, certified divorce financial analyst at Bronfman E.L. Rothschild in New York, says because of divorce’s emotional trauma, many women want it done quickly without thinking about the long-term ramifications.

“That is financial suicide,” Pinto says. “You can’t let emotions rule in this place. You have to have a saner head counsel you, or you have to come to grips where divorce is really about the money.”

Get all the records. Patty M. Estopinal, certified divorce financial analyst at Baird in Roseville, California, says while both parties are supposed to bring all their documents to the proceedings, it’s common for one person to try to hide assets. Gather at least three years of tax returns, as those records may show different tax schedules that might not otherwise be disclosed, she says.

[See: 11 Great Investing Tips for Women.]

For higher net-worth couples, consider hiring a forensic accountant to ensure all assets are discovered, Pinto says.

“They may find you’re entitled to a lot more than what he’s put down on paper. Then you’re in a better bargaining position,” Pinto says.

Make a copy of all financial statements, the hard drive on the family computer and use a smartphone video recording app to document all the objects in the home, she adds. Pinto says she’s handled cases where high-value objects bought with marital assets were removed from the home in an effort to hide them.

“If things start disappearing you can at least show this art print was on the wall, but now is no longer there,” she says.

Melody Juge, founder of Life Income Management, with offices in southern California and western North Carolina, and who runs Juge Girls, a financial education website for women, says women need to know their spouse’s work history to make sure there’s not a stray 401(k) account sitting at a former employer.

Think of the future. Women need to carefully consider how they receive assets, Estopinal says. Many women often want to keep the family home, but sometimes that’s not the best financial decision.

“Keeping the house involves the property tax, and a house doesn’t grow the same way a 401(k) account would grow. Plus there’s upkeep of a house,” she says.

Receiving illiquid assets like houses or businesses can mean reduced cash flow, which can be problematic, especially since in divorces income is halved, while expenses double, the experts say.

There are tax implications when dividing assets, too. If assets are divided at the time of settlement there are no taxes, and child support is also not taxable. However, alimony, also called spousal support, is considered taxable income.

For married women who have only worked sporadically or not at all, they should consider spousal support. It can help cushion the transition between returning to school to update skills and joining the workforce, the experts say.

[See: Artificial Intelligence Stocks: 10 Companies Betting on AI.]

“The biggest challenge for women who get divorced later in life, and if they don’t have a career established, is they’re getting closer to retirement. They have less number of years to save for that retirement nest egg that they’re going to need throughout their life,” Estopinal says.

Juge recommends for women who will receive spousal support also take out a life insurance policy on their soon-to-be ex-spouse while divorce proceedings are ongoing to protect that income stream.

“What if he loses his job or becomes disabled? What if he dies? Say he owes her alimony and three years later he dies. She should have a life insurance policy on him that she owns and she pays the premium for. That way he has no ownership rights; he’s just the insured. She’s the applicant and the owner,” Juge says. “He’ll have to take a medical exam for it. That’s all he’ll have to do.”

In addition, it’s not enough for women to assume they’ll remain the beneficiary of accounts just because the spouse agreed to do so through attorney communications, Juge says.

“That is no good. The ownership of the contract has to be changed to her name,” she says. “[Otherwise] he can turn around and make [someone else] the beneficiary. The owner of the contract is the person who controls it. The divorcing spouse has to be in control of it.”

Tax considerations. Pinto says couples who will split taxable brokerage accounts must consider the capital gains on those assets, and ensure both parties will have the same amount of capital gains on appreciated assets. That’s important for women to know in case they need to sell shares for cash-flow purposes.

“Say you bought Apple (ticker: AAPL) at $10 a share and now it’s $110 or whatever. You have a $100 gain in there. If you go to sell it, you’re going to be hit with capital gains taxes,” Pinto says. “If you do need to sell those shares, know a dollar is not going to be a dollar if capital gains are in there.”

Decide investments once it’s final. Juge says she doesn’t recommend any planning or investing until the divorce is finalized and everything is transferred correctly.

At that time the woman can take a step back and think about her future financial goals.

[Read: 6 Ways to Protect Your Pocketbook From Sky-High Medical Bills.]

“You can’t make a decision in the same energy as viewing a problem,” she says. “A solution is a creative energy and it is different than the energy that surrounds a problem.”

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Gray Divorce: What Women Who Divorce Later in Life Need to Know originally appeared on usnews.com

Don’t Settle for Student Loans to Pay for Online Education

Online college programs are becoming a more popular choice for prospective students, with one study finding that more than 6 million students enrolled in at least one online course in fall 2015. The popularity of these courses can be attributed in part to their flexibility with working adults' schedules, students' ability to progress more quickly through online programs and, oftentimes, cheaper tuition. [See 10 low-cost online bachelor's programs for out-of-state students.]Online degrees can be beneficial to many college students, but some studies have shown online learners complete their programs at lower rates than students at traditional brick-and-mortar campuses. Individuals with student loans but no degree comprise two-thirds of defaulted borrowers. Though these numbers are not encouraging, just like for traditional programs, there are ways to reduce how much you'll need to borrow for an online program to ensure you won't become one of these statistics. Don't just settle on borrowing student loans to cover the whole cost of your program and living expenses. Instead, start thinking about how to cut costs and cover your balance in different ways, such as the following. -- Grants and scholarships: Even though you are taking an online course, you can still apply and receive grants and scholarships. But your first step should be to complete the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, commonly referred to as the FAFSA, which will allow you to receive a Pell Grant if your expected family contribution is low enough. The EFC criteria and award amounts are adjusted annually, but the 2017-2018 academic year awards range from $606 to $5,920, which could significantly lower the amount you borrow annually. Your next step is to apply for scholarships. You can start by checking online scholarship search engines, such as the Salt Scholarship Search, College Board's BigFuture and Peterson's. 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Not all students enrolled in online programs are eligible, but students at some schools -- including, for example, SUNY Empire State College and Liberty University -- are. Work-study awards are not given upfront like scholarships and grants. In most cases, they are an offer to earn up to the awarded amount if you secure an eligible work-study job. While there is a misconception that all work-study jobs must be on campus, students can work for off-campus, nonprofit or public employers as long as the work is in the public's interest. You may be able to work for a for-profit employer if the job is relevant to your course of study. No matter who the outside employer is, it will need to have an established agreement with your college for you to receive work-study funds. Remember, to be eligible for federal financial aid, you must be enrolled and pursuing a degree or certificate. If you're not working toward a credential, Pell Grants and work-study won't be option, but you may still be able to take advantage of private scholarships -- just be sure to read the eligibility criteria carefully. [Explore what to know about financial aid in online programs.]-- Pay as you go: One of the great benefits to enrolling online is the flexible schedule, which can allow you to complete your college coursework around your responsibilities. But prospective students often overlook using their part- or full-time job earnings as an option for paying for college. Almost 80 percent of college students in 2015 worked at least part time while attending classes, according to the National Center for Education Statistics. By budgeting and thinking strategically about your college costs, you can likely reduce your dependence on student loans by paying a portion out of pocket. Many -- but not all -- online programs are less expensive than traditional programs and often have shorter payment periods. Six, eight or 10 weeks are common course durations. Because of the frequency of payments in an online setting, you may be well-placed to pay as you go and possibly avoid borrowing altogether. Attending college online and avoiding student loans may be challenging, but if you are willing to put in the effort, you can limit the amount you need to borrow. More from U.S. News Q&A: Understanding Student Loan Discharge Eligibility Student Loan Refinancing Isn't Right for All Borrowers
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