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Maryland health officials warn against West Nile, new virus

By Paula Wolfson

WASHINGTON — The mosquito traps are out — and the West Nile virus surveillance season is underway in Maryland.

Chief of Rabies and Vector-Borne Diseases for the Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Kim Mitchell says traps have been placed at sites across the state, and mosquitoes caught will be sent to DHMS labs for testing.

Meanwhile, Marylanders are being asked to take basic preventative measures.

Mitchell suggests using insect spray containing DEET on exposed skin, draining standing water from objects around homes, and wearing long sleeves and pants outdoors whenever possible.

Also, she says it is a good idea to stay inside during peak feeding hours for mosquitoes, which are usually around dusk and dawn.

But Maryland is not just looking out for disease-bearing mosquitoes in the state. DHMH is tracking cases of imported mosquito-linked diseases as well.

Key among them is chikungunya, which is carried by mosquitoes in parts of the Caribbean and other, more distant locales.

“We have already had five cases of chikungunya in Maryland this year,” says Mitchell. “All of them were imported, so they were all acquired overseas.”

There is one big difference between chikungunya and West Nile virus. Mosquitos can pick up West Nile from other animals, and then pass it to humans. But the only way a mosquito can become a chikungunya carrier is to bite an infected person.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has announced the first cases of chikungunya in the United States involving a patient who had not recently traveled abroad.

Two people in Florida have domestically-acquired chikungunya infections, officials said Thursday. In both cases, they said, a person infected with the virus after visiting the Caribbean was then bitten again by an uninfected mosquito in Florida, which then transmitted the illness further.

Mitchell says it is important for people who picked up chikungunya while traveling to take extra precautions when they get home.

“We do caution them to really stay inside as much as possible and avoid going outside and getting bitten so mosquitoes can acquire it,” Mitchell says.

She says with chikungunya, people will usually start to feel the affects about three to seven days after they were bitten, “and the most common symptoms are fever and severe joint pain, particularly in their hands and feet.”

Other symptoms include headache, muscle aches joint swelling and rash — all seen with West Nile.

Mitchell says last year, there were 16 human West Nile cases in Maryland, which is fairly typical.

Mosquitoes carrying the West Nile virus have already been detected this summer in Woodbridge, Virginia. Prince William County’s Mosquito Control Program has taken extensive measures to deal with the problem, according to the Virginia Department of Health.

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Don’t Settle for Student Loans to Pay for Online Education

By WTOP Staff
Online college programs are becoming a more popular choice for prospective students, with one study finding that more than 6 million students enrolled in at least one online course in fall 2015. The popularity of these courses can be attributed in part to their flexibility with working adults' schedules, students' ability to progress more quickly through online programs and, oftentimes, cheaper tuition. [See 10 low-cost online bachelor's programs for out-of-state students.]Online degrees can be beneficial to many college students, but some studies have shown online learners complete their programs at lower rates than students at traditional brick-and-mortar campuses. Individuals with student loans but no degree comprise two-thirds of defaulted borrowers. Though these numbers are not encouraging, just like for traditional programs, there are ways to reduce how much you'll need to borrow for an online program to ensure you won't become one of these statistics. Don't just settle on borrowing student loans to cover the whole cost of your program and living expenses. Instead, start thinking about how to cut costs and cover your balance in different ways, such as the following. -- Grants and scholarships: Even though you are taking an online course, you can still apply and receive grants and scholarships. But your first step should be to complete the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, commonly referred to as the FAFSA, which will allow you to receive a Pell Grant if your expected family contribution is low enough. The EFC criteria and award amounts are adjusted annually, but the 2017-2018 academic year awards range from $606 to $5,920, which could significantly lower the amount you borrow annually. Your next step is to apply for scholarships. You can start by checking online scholarship search engines, such as the Salt Scholarship Search, College Board's BigFuture and Peterson's. But don't forget to take advantage of local organizations and your school's financial aid office. Both may offer scholarships that you can't find with a national scholarship search. [Review these 10 sites to kick off your scholarship search.]For instance, organizations like the Elks Club, Knights of Columbus or the Rotary Club typically offer scholarships annually to local students. Just because you're going to school online doesn't mean you're ineligible. Visit your local library for scholarship listings, and ask around town. You might be surprised how many local organizations offer scholarships. While these scholarships typically aren't large, every little bit counts. Each dollar you receive in a scholarship is a dollar you don't have to borrow and pay interest on. -- Work-study: Another option for online students may be work-study awards. Not all students enrolled in online programs are eligible, but students at some schools -- including, for example, SUNY Empire State College and Liberty University -- are. Work-study awards are not given upfront like scholarships and grants. In most cases, they are an offer to earn up to the awarded amount if you secure an eligible work-study job. While there is a misconception that all work-study jobs must be on campus, students can work for off-campus, nonprofit or public employers as long as the work is in the public's interest. You may be able to work for a for-profit employer if the job is relevant to your course of study. No matter who the outside employer is, it will need to have an established agreement with your college for you to receive work-study funds. Remember, to be eligible for federal financial aid, you must be enrolled and pursuing a degree or certificate. If you're not working toward a credential, Pell Grants and work-study won't be option, but you may still be able to take advantage of private scholarships -- just be sure to read the eligibility criteria carefully. [Explore what to know about financial aid in online programs.]-- Pay as you go: One of the great benefits to enrolling online is the flexible schedule, which can allow you to complete your college coursework around your responsibilities. But prospective students often overlook using their part- or full-time job earnings as an option for paying for college. Almost 80 percent of college students in 2015 worked at least part time while attending classes, according to the National Center for Education Statistics. By budgeting and thinking strategically about your college costs, you can likely reduce your dependence on student loans by paying a portion out of pocket. Many -- but not all -- online programs are less expensive than traditional programs and often have shorter payment periods. Six, eight or 10 weeks are common course durations. Because of the frequency of payments in an online setting, you may be well-placed to pay as you go and possibly avoid borrowing altogether. Attending college online and avoiding student loans may be challenging, but if you are willing to put in the effort, you can limit the amount you need to borrow. More from U.S. News Q&A: Understanding Student Loan Discharge Eligibility Student Loan Refinancing Isn't Right for All Borrowers
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