KARIN LAUB
Associated Press

GAZA CITY, Gaza Strip (AP) — The text message was as urgent as it was unwelcome: The Israeli army advised Mouin Ghaffir to leave his home quickly or risk being killed in airstrikes against Hamas rocket squads.

He swiftly sent his wife and 11 children to a dirty U.N. emergency shelter, with more than 40 people crammed in each classroom, but had to endure a night under bombardment at home after failing to find a safe place for his ailing 75-year-old mother.

Such is the life-and-death predicament of tens of thousands of Gazans being told by Israel to flee targeted areas, most with nowhere to go. U.N. shelters lack the space, and relatives, with their own overcrowded homes, often cannot help.

Israel says urging residents to evacuate — with warnings delivered through automated calls, text messages and leaflets dropped from planes — is part of the military’s attempt to spare civilians whenever possible.

It holds Hamas responsible for the ordeal of Gaza’s 1.7 million people, saying Hamas fighters fire rockets toward Israel from residential areas, effectively using civilians as human shields.

However, rights groups say simply sending warnings does not absolve Israel of responsibility and that those being urged to evacuate need somewhere to go.

In Ghaffir’s case, there was no way he could move his mother, Fawziyeh, after receiving the army’s text message late Tuesday. The elderly woman, afflicted by diabetes, high blood pressure and incontinence, needs constant care, he said. Conditions were chaotic in the U.N. girls’ school in a safer area where his wife Mona and their 11 children immediately sought refuge. But it was no place for his mother.

Instead, he moved her into the living room of the family’s home in the Shijaiyah neighborhood in eastern Gaza City, one of three areas Israel said it would target. Mother and son kept low to the ground, away from the windows.

“I didn’t sleep the entire night from the sound of the bombings,” said 48-year-old Ghaffir. “The walls were shaking and there was a crack in the wall.” He said the blasts shattered several windows in the house.

On Wednesday morning, Ghaffir moved his mother to his sister Leila’s apartment in an area deemed somewhat safer. But Leila, 65, had no room for the rest of his family, he said, noting that she lives in a one-bedroom apartment with her husband and four other family members.

After getting his mother out of Shijaiyah, where airstrikes continued Wednesday, Ghaffir joined his wife and children at the U.N. school. The classroom where his family slept the night before on a bare floor was filled with noisy children, but Ghaffir said he preferred the crowded conditions to being at home.

“Here, we are surrounded by people,” he said. “We get the feeling we are all together.”

Ghaffir’s story highlights the hard choices Gazans face in this war.

The Israeli army did not say how many homes it sent the warnings to, but the three areas — the town of Beit Lahiya and the sprawling Gaza City neighborhoods of Zeitoun and Shijaiyah — have a combined population of well over 300,000 people.

That’s far more than can be accommodated in U.N. schools, which cannot shelter more than 35,000. Currently, some 21,000 Gazans are crammed into 24 U.N. schools, said Sami Mshasha, a spokesman for the U.N. aid agency.

Moving in with relatives is not an option for most. While familial bonds tend to be strong in Gaza’s traditional society, families are large and — with a severe housing shortage — homes are crowded.

Danger lurks not only in the areas the Israeli military says it will hit. Since the start of cross-border fighting on July 8, Israel has carried out close to 1,900 airstrikes across Gaza. Israel says it is targeting Hamas installations to try to halt Hamas rocket fire on Israel, but more than half of the over 200 Palestinians killed so far have been civilians, according to U.N. figures.

“There is no safe place, whether in the homes or in the streets,” said Amjad Shawa, who heads a network of civic groups in Gaza.

There were no reliable estimates of how many residents left after Tuesday’s warnings, but the exodus was not massive. Gaza’s Interior Ministry urged people to stay put, saying the Israeli warnings were part of “psychological warfare.” It later said most people had not heeded Israel’s call.

Among those deciding against evacuation was the extended Hassanain family — brothers Jawad and Fathi, their wives, mother and 12 children. “When we hear the sound of explosions, we think we might be the next target,” Jawad said by telephone. “We know it’s not safe, but where to go? Can you tell me about a safe place?”

He said several tank shells landed near the family’s house close to the Israeli border on Wednesday. If the situation gets worse, he might send his wife and five children to a safer area, but said his 72-year-old mother, Khadija, refuses to trade her home for a shelter.

Israel holds Hamas, which has fired hundreds of rockets at Israel in the past nine days, responsible for the civilians’ predicament. “All the rockets launched so far have come from these civilian areas,” said Lt. Libby Weiss, an army spokeswoman. “We also know they (Hamas militants) store weapons there as well.”

Hamas rocket squads have become increasingly sophisticated, often firing from underground launch sites with movable covers.

Weiss said the military meets its obligations for safeguarding civilians by sending the warnings.

However, Sarit Michaeli of the Israeli human rights group B’Tselem said more is required under international humanitarian law. The army also needs to make sure the civilian population can act on the warnings, she said.

At the same time, those firing rockets “show utter disregard for the lives of Israeli civilians, but also the lives of Palestinians in the neighborhoods they are firing from,” she said.

Yet residents in the targeted areas seem unwilling to blame Hamas.

Hassanain, a long-time supporter of Hamas’ political rival Fatah, said he cheers on the rocket squads.

“For me, it’s personal,” he said. “Every rocket avenges the daily terror that my family has been living through since 2000 when they (Israeli troops) started using tanks for shelling.”

“Rockets now are our last symbol of dignity.”

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Associated Press writer Yousur Alhlou in Jerusalem contributed to this report.

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